Podcast #4 Typography

Define typography?

The art of expressing ideas through the selection of appropriate typefaces.

Where did the word "typography" originate from?
Greek words "typos" meaning form, and "Graphy" meaning writing.

What does typography involve?
The selection of appropriate fonts, type spacing, and spacing between letters.

What is a typeface?

distinctive designs of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image or design.

What is another term for typeface?

fonts.

What is a character?

individual symbols that make up a typeface.

What is type style?

modifications in a typeface that create design variety while maintaining the visual style of the typeface.

What does type style "create" within a design?

variety.

What is the waist line and what does it indicate?

Imaginary line drawn in the middle of the characters.

What is a base line and what does it indicate?

an imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters.

What is an ascender?

the part of the character that extends above the waist line.

What is a descender?

the part of the character that extends below the base line.

Describe a serif?

a smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter, usually at the top and bottom of the character.

How can the size of the typeface be identified?

Point Size.

What is a point?

the vertical measurement used to identify the size of a typeface.

How many points are in an inch?

72.

What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
A unit of measure that is typical of newspapers. There are 6 in an inch.

How many points are in a pica?
12 points in 1 pica.

What is body type and where can it be found?

type sizes ranging from 4pt to 12pt.

What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
readability.

What is display type and how is it used?

type sizes above 12pt. Used to attract attention. (headlines, sub-headlines, etc.)

What is reverse type and when would it be used?

white text on a solid black or dark colored background.

What is a typeface classification?

a system for classifying typefaces, devised in the 19th century.

When was Blackletter invented and how was it used?

Mid 1400s. Used with earliest printing presses.

Describer the characteristics of a Blackletter typeface?

highly ornamental, with thin to thick strokes.

When was Old Style invented and what was is based on?

15th, 16th centuries, based off of Roman inscriptions and created to replace Blackletter typefaces.

Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?

wedge-shaped, angled serifs and a low contrast of their thick/thin strokes.

When were formal scripts developed?

17th and 18th century.

When were casual scripts developed?

20th Century.

Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?

based on forms made with flexible brushes or pens and have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting.

When was Modern typefaces developed and why?

Late 18th and 19th century, as a radical break from traditional typography.

Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?

sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes. and have thin flat serifs.

How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened?

5th Century. It became obsolete in the 20th century.

When did they become popular?

1920s.

What does "sans serif" mean?

without serifs.

Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface?

uniform in weight and have a monotone appearance.

When was Slab Serif developed and why?

19th century for advertising purposes.

Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface?

Uniform line weight, and thicker square serifs.

Describe Decorative typefaces?

They have the most distinctive design style.

Why were they developed?
with a specific purpose in mind.

What are they best used for?

Larger point sizes or display type.

Review Week 14

Identify 5 colleges that offer graphic design (or related) majors.

Art Institute of Atlanta - Atlanta, GA
Full Sail University - Orlando, FL
Art Institute of Chicago - Chicago, IL
Art Institute of Pittsburgh - Pittsburgh, PA
Art Institute of Boston - Boston, MA

What is a portfolio?


An edited collection of varied pieces of art from an artist to show an employer.

What is the importance of a portfolio?
It is a tool for getting into jobs within the industry. 

Review Week 13

repetition

 The principal of repetition is used to imply that bugs have eaten the billboard.

proportion/scale

 The principal of proportion and scale is used to show that impossible can be achieved.

balance

 The principal of balance is used to show that old lights use more energy than new lights.

emphasis

 The principal of emphasis is used to clearly display the message without using anything else.

unity

 The principal of unity is used to say that all these objects are part of one product.

variety

 The principal of variety is used to show that life can be simpler with the product.

rhythm

 The principal of rhythm is used to imply that the elephant will get onto the rocket.

contrast

    The principal of contrast is used to show how having a mustache can make a difference in a man's image.

How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?

You click the "add layer mask" button at the bottom of the layers panel.

What two colors are used to create the mask?

Black and White.

Describe the process of using a layer mask?

You paint or fill the image with black and white. Black hides the object, while white makes it reappear.

Stephen Kroninger

What kind of art/design does he produce?
He creates collages of popular figures.

In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
The New York Times, TIME, Newsweek, The New Yorker.

Post 2 samples of his art. Answer the following questions for each piece...

Was this piece published? Yes. Where? TIME.

Was this piece published? Yes. Where? The New York Times.

What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?
Balance,.

What elements of design were utilized?
Shape/Form, Space, texture.

Review Week 12

How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
I would use them to help get the message across easier.

What are the principles of design?
The principals of design are techniques used to help get the overall message across easier.

Podcast #3 Prinipals of Design

Define principles of design?
Concepts used to arrange the structural elements of a composition.

What do the principles of design affect?
They effect the message of the work.

What is the principle of repetition?
repeating some aspect or element of the design throughout the entire document.

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
It acts as a visual key that ties your piece together. It controls the reader's eye and keeps them focused on the piece.

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
Color, certan bullet, particular format, design element.

What should you avoid when working with repetition?
Using it too much.

What is the principle of proportion/scale?
The relative size and scale of the various elements in the design.

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
The human body.

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
Architecture can be used to dwarf the viewer, while a private home might be more in scale to the human.

What is the principle of balance?
Distribution of heavy and light elements in on the page.

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Irregularly shaped objects.

What is another name for symmetrical balance?
Formal Balance.

Define symmetrical balance?
Occurs when the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around a central vertical or horizontal axis.

What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
Informal Balance.

Define asymmetrical balance?
occurs when the weight is not evenly distributed around the axis.

What is the principle of emphasis?
stressing of a particular are of focus rather than the maze of detail of equal importance.

What happens to a design that has no focus?
nothing stands out. Emphasis calls attention to important areas.

What is a focal point and how is it created?
a center of interest. It is where the eye tends to go to first. It is created by making one element dominant with all other areas contributing subordinate.

How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
No more than one should be used.

What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
Direction, size, shape, texture, color, tone, and line.

What is the principle of unity?
The wholeness of the composition.

What three ways can unity be obtained?1. Put objects close to one another.
2. Make things similar.
3. Direct vision by a line that travels around the design.

What is the principle of variety?
differences and diversity.

What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
Vary textures, color, shapes, and alter their contrast, tone, and intensity.

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
Too much unity can be boring, and too much variety can be chaotic.

What is figure?
A form, silhouette, or shape.

What is another name for figure?
Positive Space.

What is ground?
The surrounding area around the figure.

What is another name for ground?
Negative space.

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?
If not, the image will only be partially designed.

What is the principle of rhythm?
Continuity, recurrence, or organized movement in space and time.

How is rhythm achieved?
orderly repition of any element, line, shape, value, and texture.

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?1. Intervals between the elements, and often the elements themselves are similar in size or shape.
2. More organic, flowing, sense of movement.
3. a sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
It helps the viewer's eye through a layout directly or subtlety.

What is the principle of contrast?
When two related elements are different.

How can contrast help a design?
Draws the viewer's eye into the piece and help the reader through it.

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
Too little can be boring, while too much can be confusing.

What is the key to working with contrast?
making sure the differences are obvious.

What are some common ways of creating contrast?
Creating differences in  size, value, color, type, texture, shape, alignment, direction and movement.